Glimpses: Malaysia City of Kuala Lumpur #2

KUALA LUMPUR TWIN TOWERS KLCC

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I wish Salam to everyone,

I live in Ampang about 10 km from Kuala Lumpur Twin Towers.

Double-decker bus heading towards Lebuh Ampang

Suria KLCC is a place where people come here for shopping since it got various shops that sell a lot of things. Sometime I come here to buy groceries and I go to pharmacy to buy things at Suria KLCC Shopping Center. Moreover its convenient; its takes about 20 minutes (depends on traffic condition) from my house in Ampang to reach here and the bus fare is less than one ringgit (exactly RM 0.8).

Jalan Ampang; in front of Suria KLCC Kuala Lumpur Twin Towers

to continue to my next blog post on Kuala Lumpur, please click Chinatown





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Glimpses: Malaysia City of Kuala Lumpur #3

PASAR SENI LRT STATION

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I wish Salam to everyone,

I love to use public transport every time I go to Bukit Bintang from KLCC.

I need to take →LRT Kelana Jaya Line from KLCC and then change to →MRT at Pasar Seni Station before I get off at Bukit Bintang Station.

Pasar Seni station is located near Petaling Street and also known as the Chinatown of Kuala Lumpur.

Kuala Lumpur Metro Rail Train

Chinatown is a favourite place for tourists and it is a haven for foreign backpackers.  This area is a colorful and vibrant part of Kuala Lumpur, people come here to take advantage of all the various shopping bargains.

Pasar Seni LRT Station; In The Backdrop is The Kuala Lumpur Railway Station

Kuala Lumpur Metropolitan Transportion map please click KL Metro



Bukit Bintang is one of the busiest areas in Kuala Lumpur. No matter day or night it will be heavy traffic congestion in this area .

There is no need to go through the traffic congestion and spend a lot of money to pay for parking at Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur.

There is an MRT station and it is a convenient, comfortable and cheap way to reach the shopping malls in this area.

On board Mass Rapid Transit MRT

Travelling on a rail service such as the MRT is one of the most convenient ways to get around Kuala Lumpur.

Hop on Hop off bus in Kuala Lumpur

Kuala Lumpur Hop-On Hop-Off bus is just one way to discover the city.

Sultan Abdul Samad Building

Monorail

Taking photos at KL Tower

Kuala Lumpur Museum

Getting around

Here are other options for travellers to go around Kuala Lumpur.


Train

With the recent completion of the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), more parts of KL are now connected by rail. Apart from the MRT, other rail service include the Light Rail Transit (LRT), monorail and KTM Komuter.

The trains in the city pass through iconic attractions such as KLCC, Central Market and Muzium Negara.

If you’re on a long visit, consider purchasing the Touch ‘N’ Go card or weekly passes for cheaper fares. The card can be used on all trains, as well as RapidKL buses.


Bus

Travelling by bus in the city is a generally comfortable experience these days. Most of them are fully air conditioned and they get you to popular tourist attractions as well as quaint neighbourhoods. Look out for the free purple Go KL buses within the central business district that run along popular sites and famous shopping districts. You can also travel further on the RapidKL buses.


Taxi

Taxi is probably one of the most convenient ways to travel from one place to another in KL. Always insist on using the metre.

According to the Land Public Transport Commission, regular budget taxis (usually painted in red and white, or red and blue) charge RM3 for the first three minutes. Subsequent distance or time are charged at RM0.25 every 200m or 36 seconds.

Blue cabs (Teksi Eksekutif ) and gold cabs (Teks1M) are better for large groups.


Self drive

KL is a big city and having a car would allow travellers to get to surrounding townships such as Petaling Jaya or Shah Alam in Selangor easily. There are plenty of car rental options available online or at the airport. Driving in the city is generally safe. You might want to avoid peak hours though when traffic congestion can set you back an hour on average.


Ride hailing

Malaysia actually has a few ride-hailing options, with Grab being one of the more popular options among locals. Utilising the service is as easy as downloading an app. The downside is you would need mobile data or WiFi to operate the service. But that shouldn’t be an issue as more people are connected on their travels these days.

You can also book taxis on some of these apps.




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My Small Business

My Small Business

The Idea

I had a general idea to start a business. This business was new to me and I did a thorough search about the goods I intend to produce. The first thing that came into my mind was that would there be demand; the real need for the goods to enter the market in the first place? Am I able to find an area with suitable land size to set my store & workshop? and the place situated in a good location? My goal was to have a building with floor area large enough to fit two manufacturing lines. One manufacturing line to be constructed, leaving an empty area where additional line can be built in the same building for future.

Next I did a search on the regulations imposed by the government concerning the business itself and products related to the business. There will be competition from larger manufacturing companies that I should take note.

It would be best for me to operate as a sole proprietorship. After a deep thought, I gave the company its name.

I handled the resources. People, equipment and raw materials, money and information pertaining the work that goes within the business.

I devised a strategy to guide its planning and development. Specifying what should be done, how, by whom, where and when. It involves forecasting events, identifying the options to do the business and determining the best course of action. I also plan future expansion of my business.

Financially, I need first to have a capital to get the business started and to run it smoothly. This would be obtained from my savings, the money which I earned from years working for company owned by others.

This would pay up rent space, purchase equipment and furnishing, buy the initial inventory and provide working capital. I also need to make available the funds to keep the business alive during slow sales.

The generation of revenue and profit will come from the willingness of the buying customer to pay for its price.

Each product shall have a price tag on it. Setting of the price will depend on competitor's price. Often when products cannot be easily differentiated, we charge the same price as the competition. Setting prices must consider the perceived value of that item in the marketplace.

Price setting base on cost to produce a product will be the sum of the following:-

• unit cost for materials and labour
• unit cost for overhead
• Profit margin - a percentage of cost (normally 30%)

Oversupply is not good for business. Price reduction is to boost demand for clearing up an oversupply of products. Its a norm to be able to set a price depends on the supply and demand for the product. For most products, the quantity demanded goes up as the price goes down.

Strategically, an occasion when we may temporarily sell products below cost  to match competition for generating cash flow, or even to increase market share, but in the long run, it cannot survive by selling product below cost.

For marketing the products we will have showroom/ gallery/ shop area to sell the products.

Also for supply to retailers, the various types of merchandise retailers as the following categories:-

• Department store; large organization offering wide product mix and organized into separate departments
• Discount store; self-service, general merchandise store offering brand name and private brand products at low prices
• Supermarket; self-service store offering food and nonfood products
• Superstore; giant outlet food and nonfood product found in supermarket
• Hypermarket; combination supermarket and discount store, larger than a superstore
• Warehouse club; large-scale, members-only establishment combining cash-and-carry wholesaling with discount retailing
• Warehouse showroom; facility with large area low cost building with large on-premises inventories and minimum service

We have to find wholesalers that will buy our products in large quantities and they sell to retailers in smaller quantities.


The outcome

After the idea, money and effort have been put through, finally I have something to show for it. So, it's a workshop to manufacture ceramic products. The workshop located at the back of the facility and the area in front is the gallery to put the products for sale. For those who are interested to learn to make pottery, I have pottery lessons for them. This attracted customers and promoted the business.

My ceramic products stands out from everyone else’s. We have expert craftsmen qualified to make ceramic plates, bowls, cups and pottery products. Our prices are reasonable. The products are of best quality that meets high standard of inspection. Raw materials are obtained locally and overseas that are also of highest quality.

Most of the ceramic dinnerware have simple shapes hence we manufacture them using machines. We also have products with unique design that are hand-make. Production capacity will be increased for faster delivery to meet order by customer. The products are made with artistic design and yet strong, practical for use. Most importantly they meet the needs of customers and they have a lot of design of choice to choose from. We also offer lessons so participants can make their own.

We have good marketing strategy. We keep good contact with retailers. The retailers acquire goods from us and sell them to customers.

We also supply our goods on consignment agreement with retail consignment shop. Retail consignment shop will take exceptional care of the consigned goods and covered by insurance during his care; however, goods still belong to the consigner until sold.

There is a minimum initial consignment period as per the agreement (say 60-day). We are the consigner and when the shop make a sale we will receive 70% of the selling price for goods during this period. At expiration of the initial consignment period, the items must be picked-up within 10 days of the expiry date, or they will become the property of the retail consignment shop.


Business Plan

Introductory Page

A brief summary about the company:-

• The name and address of the company
• Owner name, telephone number, fax number, e-mail address and website address
• Description of company and the nature of business
• Statement of financing needed
• Statement of confidentiality of report

Executive Summary

• Describe the need for this business.
• How will the business will serve the market.
• The customer base you will be targeting.
• Describe your products or services and and what will make them appealing to the target market.
• Outline your plans for marketing your products/services.
• Describe your competition and your strategy for getting market share. What is your competitive advantage, e.g. what will you offer to customers that your competitors cannot?
• How will the company will make money and how much?
• Summarize the financial plan including projections for at least the next three years.
• Describe the owners and the key staff members and the expertise they bring to the venture.
• Outline the schedule for taking your business from the planning stage to opening your doors.

Mission Statement – Articulates the purpose of your business. In a few sentences describe what your company does and your core values and business philosophy.
Company Information – Give a brief history of your company - describe your products and/or services, when and where it was formed, who the owners and key employees are, statistics such as the number of employees, business locations, etc.
Business Highlights – describe the evolution of the business - how it has grown, including year-over-year revenue increases, profitability, increases in market share, number of customers, etc.
Financial Summary – if the purpose of updating the business plan is to seek additional financing for expansion, then give a brief financial summary.
Future goals – describe your goals for the business. If you are seeking financing explain how additional funding will be used to expand the business or otherwise increase profits.

Industry Analysis

• Future outlook and trends
• Analysis of competitors
• Market segmentation
• Industry and market forecast

Description of Venture

• Products
• Services
• Size of business
• Office equipment and personnel
• Background of entrepreneur

Production Plan

• Manufacturing process (amount subcontracted)
• Physical plant
• Machinery and equipment
• Names of suppliers of raw materials

Operations Plan

• Description of company’s operation
• Flow of order for goods and/or services
• Technology utilization

Marketing Plan

• Pricing
• Distribution
• Promotion
• Product forecasts
• Controls

Organizational Plan

• Form of ownership
• Identification of partners or principal shareholders
• Authority of principals
• Management team background
• Roles and responsibilities of members of organization

Assessment of Risk

• Evaluate weaknesses of business
• New technologies
• Contingency plans

Financial Plan

• Assumptions
• Pro forma income statement
• Cash flow projections
• Pro forma balance sheet
• Break-even analysis
• Sources and applications of funds

Appendix (contains backup materials)

• Letters
• Market research data
• Leases or contracts
• Price lists from suppliers

Details on the Facility

Work out the details on the following information:-

• Location:  The company’s location and its accessibility to customers, suppliers, and distributors.
• Manufacturing operations: Basic machine and assembly operations need to be identified, as well as whether any of these operations would be subcontracted and to whom.
• Raw materials: The raw materials needed and suppliers’ names, addresses, and costs should be determined.
• Equipment: The equipment needed should be listed, with its cost and whether it will be purchased or leased.
• Labor skills: Each unique skill needed, the number of personnel required for each skill, and an assessment of where and how these skill will be obtained.
• Space: The total amount of land and building floor area needed, including whether the area will be owned or leased.
• Overhead: The amount cost of spending for each item needed to support manufacturing such as utilities, rental, advertisement, insurance and staff & labor salaries.
• Logistics: The activity of transport to bring in the raw materials to the company’s location and transport of product to customers, suppliers, and distributors.

Activities that must be performed to generate business:-

• Buying: Understand the need of customers to determine the products to be made available.
• Selling: Expedite selling in a persuasive manner accomplished through promotion (advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, publicity and packaging).
• Transporting: Moving the products from the seller to buyer. Focus on transportation cost and services.
• Storing: Warehousing of goods. Warehouses hold products for lengthy period so as to be able to satisfy demand in timely manner. This especially concerns seasonal goods. Some products are only available for a period of time in a year, but the consumer demands are throughout the entire year. Storage shall be able to maintain a steady supply at all time.
• Grading: Standardizing products by dividing by subgroups to display and label them so that customers clearly their nature and quality. Products are graded according to a set of standards established by the authority.
• Financing: Certain products can be arranged for credit to expedite the purchase.
• Marketing research: Through research, the need for new goods and services can be ascertained. By gathering information regularly enable to identify new trends and changes in consumer taste.
• Risk taking: The potential risk for loss due to marketing decisions. Developing a new product creates a chance of loss if consumers do not like it enough to buy it. Spending money to hire a sales force or to conduct marketing research involves risk. The implication of risk is that most marketing decisions result in either success or failure.

Business Operational Plans / Calendars and preparing Continuous Improvement Plans
formulating and communicating business wide Operating Strategies
reviewing and evaluating Decision Support Packages and making recommendations within the Company Operational Decision Process
Development and Report Tracking of 5 Year Plans
Engineering initiatives on Capex & Opex reduction by tracking of the implementation of initiatives.
coordinating the operational learning from Root Cause Analysis investigations
undertaking specialist analytical Techniques to better understanding the operational effectiveness and efficiency of the business



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A Visit To Yiwu #3

Pengkhususan Industri di Wilayah Zhejiang

Dibandingkan dengan kota-kota di Wilayah Guangdong seperti Shenzhen dan Guangdong. Shenzhen hanya mempunyai pasaran untuk produk elektronik. Guangzhou pula adalah pasaran yang popular untuk perhiasan, pakaian dan barang-barang yang berkaitan tetapi pasar-pasar ini berada di pelbagai tempat. Pengilang-pengilang hanya dapat berkumpul di satu tempat iaitu semasa Canton Fair.

Produk yang digunakan sehari-hari seperti mainan dan bahan-bahan hiasan Krismas kebanyakannya ditunjukkan di sini. Yiwu bukanlah pilihan pintar jika anda ingin membeli kain fesyen, bahan makanan dan jentera besar. Ini boleh diperoleh dari Guangzhou atau bandar-bandar Cina lain yang mempunyai kawasan perindustrian yang berkaitan.

Hangzhou merupakan kota pusat bagi wilayah Zhejiang

Kluster Industri di Wilayah Zhejiang, China

Produk yang dibuat di China semuanya mempunyai kelompok perindustrian mereka sendiri mengikut wilayah. Industri tententu dikhususkan kepada wilayah tertentu. Mengetahui kluster perindustrian banyak membantu apabila anda mengimport produk dari China.

Sebagai contoh, jika anda mahu mengimport mainan dari China, maka anda boleh pergi ke Chenghai, atau mencari pembekal yang terletak di bandar ini. Kerana kluster industri produk mainan Cina kebanyakannya terletak di Chenghai, di mana anda lebih cenderung untuk mendapatkan pembekal harga terbaik atau mencari kilang-kilang mainan.

Dalam artikel ini, saya akan memberikan pengenalan ringkas kluster-kluster perindustrian yang terletak di Wilayah Zhejiang, yang merupakan salah satu kawasan perkilangan industri lampu elektrik yang paling penting di China.

1. Pengenalan ringkas Wilayah Zhejiang

Terletak di selatan Shanghai, Wilayah Zhejiang adalah salah satu daripada dua wilayah paling maju di China, satu lagi adalah wilayah Guangdong. Kedua-dua wilayah ini memainkan peranan penting dalam eksport China, dan agak biasa kepada kebanyakan pengimport asing sebagai sebahagian besar produk buatan Cina yang dihasilkan di sini.

Sama seperti wilayah China yang lain, tidak setiap bandar di Wilayah Zhejiang mengeluarkan produk tertentu. Kluster Perindustrian di wilayah Zhejiang mengedarkan beberapa bandar penting, termasuk Ningbo, Yiwu, Wenzhou, Taizhou, Shaoxing, dan sebagainya, dan anda mungkin mendengar tentang beberapa di antara mereka. Setiap bandar mempunyai jenis produk dijelaskan secara terperinci dalam perenggan berikut.

2.Port Zhejiang untuk mengeksport

Pelabuhan Ningbo dan Pelabuhan Shanghai adalah 3 pelabuhan terbesar di China, dan kebanyakan produk yang dibuat di wilayah Zhejiang dihantar dari kedua-dua pelabuhan ini. Pelabuhan Ningbo lebih dekat dengan kebanyakan kelompok perindustrian daripada Shanghai, kerana lokasi dua bandar di atas peta. Oleh itu kos FOB Ningbo akan sedikit mahal daripada Shanghai, sekitar $ 100 untuk muatan penuh.

Jika anda menghantar banyak produk yang berlainan dalam satu penghantaran, seperti 20 jenis produk dalam satu bekas, maka saya cadangkan anda menghantar dari Pelabuhan Ningbo. Oleh kerana kastam Shanghai lebih ketat, dan kebarangkalian diperiksa adalah lebih tinggi, maka kargo anda mungkin diseret oleh pemeriksaan kastam untuk beberapa waktu. Jika sesetengah produk sepatutnya mempunyai pemeriksaan komersial tetapi anda tidak, seperti mainan, maka pemeriksaan kargo akan ambil masa lebih lama.

3. Ningbo Area- Peralatan Electric and Plastic Products

Terdapat banyak syarikat perdagangan di Ningbo ( 宁波 ) kerana keunggulan pelabuhannya, dan juga banyak syarikat yang berkhidmat untuk mengeksport, seperti syarikat forwarder penghantaran, syarikat pemeriksaan kualiti, dan syarikat ujian.

Kelompok industri di Ningbo terutamanya termasuk tiga bahagian: industri seperti industri petrokimia, keluli dan besi, pembuatan kenderaan, dan bidang pembaikan kapal; industri teknologi tinggi dan baru seperti maklumat elektronik, bahan baru, dan perubatan biologi; industri unggul tradisional seperti tekstil dan pakaian, peralatan elektrik, acuan, produk logam, dan lain-lain

Sebuah bandar penting peringkat di Ningbo adalah Cixi ( 慈溪 ), di mana banyak peralatan elektrik dan perkakasan dihasilkan. Seperti mesin basuh, keadaan udara, hud pelbagai, besi elektronik, pembersih vakum, galas, dan sebagainya. Terdapat kira-kira 10,000 kilang peralatan elektrik di Cixi, dan ia merupakan salah satu peralatan industri elektrik yang paling penting di China.

Produk plastik dan pengeluar peralatan kecil dikumpulkan di Yuyao City ( 余姚 ), satu bandar peringkat daerah di Ningbo. Ia dikenali sebagai "City of Plastic of China. Terutama digunakan untuk industri dan pembinaan, seperti plastik kejuruteraan, tiub plastik, acuan plastik.

4. Yiwu City-Pusat Borong Terbesar Dunia

Sebagai pusat borong terbesar di dunia, Yiwu ( 义乌 ) menyediakan produk yang tak terhitung banyaknya untuk tujuan dieksport ke seluruh dunia setiap tahun, terutamanya produk bernilai rendah dan produk kegunaan setiap hari.

Pasar borong Yiwu mempunyai kira-kira 70,000 gerai yang menjadikannya lebih adil. Aksesori, produk hiasan krismas, semua jenis perkakasan dan banyak produk lain boleh didapati di semua daerahnya. Tetapi kebanyakan produk ini tidak dibuat di Yiwu, tetapi dibuat di bandar-bandar ditutup oleh. Mengenai pemilik gerai, sesetengahnya adalah kilang dan yang lain adalah orang tengah, dan ia memerlukan beberapa pengalaman untuk membezakannya.


5. Yongkang City-Hardware Capital of China

Sama seperti Yiwu, Yongkang adalah bandar raya peringkat daerah, juga milik Jinghua City. Sebagai "perkakasan dan pintu modal China", bandar Yongkang ( 永 康 ) mempunyai beberapa kelompok perindustrian penting: komponen kereta, industri pintu, industri cawan, alat elektronik, peralatan elektronik dan alat memasak.

Produk yang menguntungkan termasuk cawan vakum, skuter elektrik, pelbagai jenis pintu logam, dan sebagainya. Anda juga boleh mencari kilang-kilang produk pembersihan rumah di sini di Yongkang, seperti mop, apron, dan kain bersih, dan lain-lain. Yongkang juga salah satu daripada dua utama kawasan pembuatan skuter mengimbangi di China, produk paling hangat pada tahun 2015, dan satu lagi ialah Shenzhen.


6. WenzhouCity-Electrical Machinery, Shoes, dan Capital of Packaging

Apabila bercakap tentang Wenzhou ( 温州 ), perkara pertama yang diingati adalah kasut, bukan sahaja untuk mengeksport, tetapi juga untuk pasaran domestik. Terdapat pelbagai jenis kilang kasut: dari kilang berskala besar ke bengkel kecil, termasuk kasut untuk wanita, lelaki, dan anak-anak.

Cangnan ( 苍南 ) adalah salah satu daripada bandar-bandar peringkat paling penting di Wenzhou, yang dikenali sebagai kelompok bahan pembungkusan. Longgang ( 龙港 ) adalah sebuah bandar Cangnan, dan orang menyebutnya "Modal Pembungkusan di China". Di sini anda boleh menemui apa-apa yang berkaitan dengan pembungkusan, seperti beg membeli-belah kain bukan tenunan, pembungkusan untuk makanan atau pakaian, dsb.

Satu lagi bandar raya peringkat daerah yang terkenal di Wenzhou adalah Yueqing City ( 乐 青 ), yang dipanggil "modal peralatan elektrik voltan rendah China". Seperti voltmeter, pengubah, penukar kekerapan, dan sebagainya. Anda juga boleh mencari kilang-kilang komponen elektronik di bandar ini.

Rui'an City ( 瑞安 ) terutamanya menghasilkan komponen-komponen kenderaan untuk kereta dan motosikal, seperti blok brek, spion, dll.


7. Taizhou City-Plastics and Rubber Products Cluster

Taizhou City ( 台州 ) terletak di utara Wenzhou City, dan produknya terutama berkaitan dengan plastik dan getah. Produk plastik boleh dibahagikan kepada beberapa jenis: PP, ABS, PVC, dll. Dan boleh digunakan dalam setiap hari seperti kotak penyimpanan plastik, kerusi plastik. Kebanyakan produk getah yang dihasilkan di sini juga digunakan untuk kegunaan harian. Sebagai contoh, sarung tangan getah, coaster getah, dll.

Huangyan ( 黄岩 ), sebuah bandar penting di daerah Wenzhou, dipanggil "modal acuan dan barang seni China". Barang seni diperbuat daripada plastik, kayu, kaca, logam, dan bahan lain.


8.Shaoxing City-Textile and Clusters Umbrella

Shaoxing City ( 绍兴 ) terkenal dengan kluster tekstilnya, dan kebanyakannya berkumpul di sebuah bandar kecil bernama Keqiao ( 柯桥 ), di mana anda boleh menemui semua jenis kain: kain rajutan, kain berputar, kain katun, kain poliester dan sebagainya. Anda juga boleh sumber produk tekstil lain di Keqiao, seperti artikel tempat tidur, tirai, permaidani, dll.

Zhuji City ( 诸暨 ), yang dikenali sebagai "Modal Socks di China", adalah sebuah bandar raya peringkat daerah penting di barat Shaoxing. Di sini terdapat banyak stokin menghasilkan stok, anklet, legging dan lain-lain stoking untuk lelaki, wanita dan kanak-kanak.

Satu lagi bandar penting peringkat daerah di Shaoxing ialah Shangyu City ( 上虞 ), yang dipanggil "Pusat perindustrian payung di China", dan kebanyakan payung akan mula dihasilkan di sini. Jika anda berurusan dengan pembekal payung dari bandar-bandar lain, anda harus tahu bahawa mereka mungkin adalah wakil jualan ataupun hanyalah orang tengah.






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Pembuatan Produk Seramik

PENGENALAN

Maklumat yang terkandung di dalam blog post ini bertujuan untuk berkongsi kepada pembaca pengetahuan ringkas mengenai pelan membina bengkel dan aliran proses pembuatan barangan seramik.

Cadangan Susunatur Bengkel dan Aliran Proses Pengeluaran Barangan Seramik boleh didapati dihujung artikel ini.


PROSES PENYEDIAAN TANAH LIAT

Tanah liat daripada jenis yang lembut, mudah didapati di tebing sungai terutamanya di negeri Perak dan juga Kelantan. Tanah dijemur sehingga kering dan disimpan di satu tempat (setor) yang kering.

Tanah liat yang dikeringkan disimpan di tempat kering (setor)

Memasukkan tanah ke dalam mesin pengisar

Tanah liat yang telah kering dimasukkan ke daiam mesin pengisar (Blunger) yang telah sedia dicampur air untuk memecahkannya kepada partikel-partikel yang lebih kecil (menghancur tanah)

Tanah liat ditambah air didalam blunger

Tanah yang telah hancur dialir masuk ke dalam bekas takungan

Proses mengisar tanah liat mengambil masa dua puluh empat jam tetapi bergantung kepada kuantiti tanah yang akan diproses. Tanah liat yang cair kemudian dialirkan ke dalam takungan pemendapan selama sehari.

Setelah menjalani proses ini, tanah yang telah mendap dipam masuk ke dalam mesin pengisar bebola (ball mill). Sekali lagi mengalami proses pengisaran sebelum dipam masuk ke dalam mesin pengayak untuk menapis tanah liat yang telah hancur.

Tanah liat yang telah siap ditapis akan dimasukkan ke dalam mesin penguli (Deairing Pug Mill) bertujuan untuk mengeluarkan angin yang terperangkap. Tanah yang telah ditapis tadi tahap kepekatannya telah bertambah setelah menjalani proses uli.

Tanah yang pekat ini seterusnya dipam ke dalam mesin "Vibrating Filter Press" untuk mengeluarkan air daripada tanah liat. Tanah liat di dalam mesin ini akan ditekan dari masa ke semasa sehingga air daripada tanah liat benar-benar kering.

Tanah liat dipam masuk ke dalam mesin Vibrating Filter Press

Tanah liat yang telah menjalani proses pengeringan berbentuk seperti piring berukuran lilit tiga puluh centimeter

Tanah liat dalam bentuk kepingan tadi akan dipotong kecil untuk dimasukkan ke dalam mesin pemotong untuk membentuk silinder atau lingkaran tanah liat yang akan ditimbang dan seterusnya dibungkus untuk menjaga kualiti tanah supaya tidak berubah.

De-airing Pugmill: Tanah berbentuk silinder dipotong

Tanah yang siap dipotong dimasukkan ke dalam plastik untuk tujuan pembungkusan dan ditimbang

PROSES TUANGAN SLIP

Mould atau acuan yang akan digunakan dibersihkan dan diikat menggunakan gegelang getah supaya apabila slip (bahan bancuhan) dituang ke dalam acuan, tidak berlaku kebocoran dan mudah dibuka.

Bentuk acuan (Mould) yang belum diikat

Acuan yang sedang diikat

Slip dituang memenuhi keseluruhan isipadu acuan

Slip yang telah siap dituang ke dalam acuan dibiarkan selama lima hingga sepuluh minit sebelum diterbalikkan (dikeluarkan semula daripada acuan) supaya sisa-sisa yang tinggal membentuk barangan yang akan dihasilkan mengikut bentuk acuan.

Acuan yang diterbalikkan di atas rak dibiarkan sehingga sisa-sisa slip yang tinggal menjadi kering dan membentuk seperti acuan.

Acuan yang penuh diisi dengan slip diterbalikkan di atas rak 

Barangan yang terbentuk daripada acuan

PROSES 'TRIMMING"

Barangan yang terbentuk daripada acuan (separuh siap) akan melalui proses seterusnya iaitu proses "trimming/finishing" menggunakan peralatan yang dipanggil "trimming tools".

Barangan separuh siap diletakkan di atas "potter wheel" untuk memudahkan proses "finishing".


PROSES PENGERINGAN

Barangan yang telah siap dilicinkan akan dibiarkan kering untuk memudahkan proses menghias atau memasukkan motif mengikut citarasa pereka setelah dibakar.

PROSES PEMBAKARAN

Proses pembakaran boleh dilakukan sama ada pembakaran secara tradisional ataupun pembakaran di dalam dapur gas. Perkara yang akari diterangkan di bawah adalah pembakaran menerusi dapur gas.

Barangan yang telah siap akan disusun dan dijarakkan antara lima hingga enam inci untuk mengelak daripada pembakaran yang tidak menyeluruh.

Suhu yang digunakan antara 150 hingga 350 darjah celcius mengikut kesesuaian tanah dan keadaan barangan yang akan dihasilkan. Pembakaran ini mengambil masa selama dua puluh empat (24) jam.

Barangan dimasukkan ke dalam dapur

MAKLUMAT AM

CADANGAN SUSUNATUR BENGKEL

Cadangan Susunatur Bengkel

Layout Bengkel Penghasilan Produk Seramik

ALIRAN PROSES PENGELUARAN BARANGAN SERAMIK

Aliran Proses Pengeluaran Barangan Seramik
• Bahan Mentah
• Penyediaan Tanah Liat (Slip)
• Penyediaan "Plaster of Paris"
• Membuat Acuan
• Penuangan "Plaster of Paris" Dan Campuran Tanah Ke Dalam Acuan
• Barangan Separuh Siap
• Proses "Trimming"
• Pengeringan
• Menghias
• Pembakaran (Dapur Gas)
• Barangan Siap

Aliran Proses Penghasilan Produk Seramik

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Glimpses: Malaysia City of Kuala Lumpur #1

GLIMPSES OF KUALA LUMPUR #1

I wish Salam to everyone,

Subang Airport Terminal 3 has underwent renovation works and renamed to Subang Skypark.

Subang Airport is currently the hub for Firefly and Malindo Air commercial turboprop services.

Skypark Link to get to Subang Airport From KL Sentral

There is a new means of transport to get to Subang airport from KL Sentral; the Skypark Link.

The Skypark Link service and Skypark Terminal station has been in operation starting 1st May 2018.

The service will provide commuters with an additional travel option to reach Subang airport.

The Skypark Link provides an express service and will stop at only three stations – KL Sentral, Subang Jaya and Skypark Terminal.

to continue to my next blog post on Kuala Lumpur, please click KLCC







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Glimpses: Malaysia State of Johor #1

GLIMPSES OF AIR HITAM

I wish Salam to everyone,

Pottery Factory in Air Hitam

A town famous for ceramic, pottery and porcelain crafts.

Ayer Hitam is a mukim in Batu Pahat District, Johor, Malaysia. Located just at the junction of PLUS north south highway branching out to Mersing Town, it is known for its many outlets selling pottery and other crafts.



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A Trip To Shanghai #2 Shanghai Pudong Airport

 SHANGHAI BACKPACKING TRIP #1

I wish Salam to everyone,

Finally we arrived in Shanghai Pudong Airport Terminal 1 at 07.30 morning.

Nihao Shanghai, going to enjoy my time in Shanghai, Nanjing and Harbin. Pray to God everthing will turn-out OK and will get back to KL (Kuala Lumpur) safely, when its time to get back to KL, Insya'Allah.

Yesterday was history, Tomorrow is a mystery, and they call Today.......... the present.

Jom jalan tengok negara orang....tentu lain dari kebiasaannya yang dapat kita lihat berbanding di negara sendiri. It would definitely be an adventure.

I just want to take photos capturing every moment I spent in China. That’s the most important thing when going out of our own country. Taking photos when travelling in a different country.

Ar-Rum ayat 22

وَمِنْ آَيَاتِهِ خَلْقُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَاخْتِلَافُ أَلْسِنَتِكُمْ وَأَلْوَانِكُمْ إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآَيَاتٍ لِلْعَالِمِينَ

Dan di antara tanda-tanda kekuasaan-Nya ialah menciptakan langit dan bumi dan berlain-lainan bahasamu dan warna kulitmu....

And of His Signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the people with different colored skin and tongues they spoken. Surely in this there are many Signs for the learned.


SHANGHAI PUDONG AIRPORT

Maglev Train from Pudong Airport to Longyang Maglev Station. The Shanghai Maglev Train, also known as the Transrapid, is World's fastest commercial train.

Bought round-trip tickets Wǎngfǎn yù shòu quàn (Ticket fare 80元) for journey by Maglev Train.

8.30 am Got on Maglev Train "Shànghǎi cífú shìfàn yùnyíng xiàn" at Shanghai Pudong International Airport

8.40 am Arrived at Maglev Longyang Road Station and walk to Longyang Subway station to Shanghai Metro line 2 "Shànghǎi dìtiě èr hào xiàn"


TWO TICKETS PLEASE!

Bought Metro tickets in Shanghai using the Vending Machine. An "Apek Tua" assisted us to use the machine. This lǎo rén 老人 was very friendly and even shared with us how Shanghai locals would say, "Liǎng zhāng"...he said "Liǎng zháng".

You can realize that "zhang"pronounced as second tone as used by him. I rephrased after him... "Liǎng zháng"...and we all laughed. What is the use of pronouncing the correct chinese, when in Shanghai, speak as the Shanghainese do.

This was perhaps the influence of Shanghainese, also known as the Shanghai or Wú yǔ dialect. This was the fun of going to China, learn the dialect and not necessary to speak pǔtōnghuà 普通话 (speech of the Official Chinese language). 吴语, Wú yǔ, Wu dialects (spoken primarily in Shanghai and surrounding areas).

zhāng 张 is a measure word used in Chinese for counting pieces of objects made of paper, objects with a flat object such as paper, tickets, beds, table, mouths (一张纸; 一张票; 一张桌子; 一张床)

The correct Putonghua is liǎng zhāng piào 两张票 meaning "Two Tickets". zhang pronounced as first tone, the way I pronounced earlier was correct.


ON BOARD METRO LINE 2. THEN CHANGE TO METRO LINE 10

9.20 am Get on subway line 2 at Longyang Subway station → East Nanjing Road Station.

Shanghai Metro - Luoyang Rd Station

East Nanjing Road Station was an interchange with Metro Line 10.

Once arrived in East Nanjing Road Station, get interchanged at this station with Shanghai Metro Line 10 (don't need to exit this station). From Line 2, look at the signboard at the station and follow the sign. Just walk in the direction according to the sign to get to Metro Line 10.

Shanghai Metro Map - To show metro route to North Sichuan Rd Station

Got on Metro line 10 at East Nanjing Road Station and got off when it arrived at North Sichuan Road Subway Station.

Shanghai Metro - North Sichuan Rd Station

10.00 am Arrived at North Sichuan Road, used Exit 3 and walked on sidewalk pavement along Wujin Road towards east direction to get to hotel.

HANTING HOTEL

10.15 am Checked-in at Hanting Hotel, 27 Luofu Road, Hongkou, Shanghai, China located near North Sichuan Road Subway Station.

I have no communication problem here, but like (almost) everywhere else in China, a "non-Chinese speaker" will find communication a bit difficult, but be brave, use the "phone a Chinese speaking friend" system and it will be OK.

The more important thing that the hotelier is friendly and helpful. Perhaps instead, the hotelier could call his Chinese friend that could speak English to speak with you. So, communication problem can be solved.

I kindly invite you to continue to my next blog post on our visit to Shanghai, please click Yuyuan Garden

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A Trip To Shanghai #1 Prologue

SHANGHAI BACKPACKING TRIP #1


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I wish Salam to everyone,

Shanghai, Nanjing & Harbin Trip.

Again I have chosen China as my destination for backpacking trip, but this time I went to 3 beautiful cities in China, which were Shanghai, Nanjing and Harbin.

A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step - these words from Sun Tzu became the mindset for my wife and me as events unfolded before us in the weeks ahead of our trip.


PREPARATION BEFORE DAY OF DEPARTURE

Usually people will buy online flight tickets but, when I bought the flight tickets, I actually went myself to the Eastern China Airlines office in Plaza OSK at Jalan Ampang (next to Ampang Park) this was because I want to ensure that will be served with Halal Food on the Flight during the journey. I confirmed the seats locations and got their advice for the best flight offer for the lowest tickets price.

China Eastern Airlines has Shanghai Airport as its headquarter, it connects Kuala Lumpur International KLIA directly with Shanghai. Shanghai Airport operating center is connected with other destination cities in China. Therefore, I took the opportunity to spend time to visit Shanghai for a few days and travel by train from SHANGHAI to NANJING, since Nanjing and Shanghai are nearby.

Few days here & few days there

The plan was to continue my journey to HARBIN by flight and spend time for about a week in Harbin.

Travel Visas have to be prepared prior to entry into China. Got this done and raring (very eager) to go.


WE ARE READY TO LEAVE HOME

It was Thursday and we went to office to work on this day but left office on time and hurried home for final packing, making sure we will bring everything required for our travel. Of all the travel blogs I have read, I think none ever mentioned about the electrical socket adapter. Malaysia uses United Kingdom type of electrical socket plug and will require an adapter to use our electrical appliances such as phones, cameras, computers etc.

Bottom left of this image showing electrical connection socket

I brought the same electrical adapter that I used in Australia. Australia and China using similar type of electrical power connection.

Buy this type of adapter - if you plan to go to China / Australia

We made our move after Maghrib Prayer and drove from our house in Ampang to Ampang Park LRT Station. We kissed the children and said, "Jumpa Lagi dan Doakan semuanya selamat" and got off from the car. My wife's brother drove the car back.

Got on the LRT to get to KL Sentral.

Once arrived in KL Sentral, bought the tickets for ERL (Express Rail Link). KLIA Ekspres is the premium non-stop high-speed train service that connects KL International Airport.

We arrived in KLIA where we got off the train. The ERL continued its journey to KLIA2 ..without us of course (since we had alighted - got down from this train.)


KUALA LUMPUR INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT KLIA

Still early. We had dinner at this Airport on 2nd Floor.

Food Garden food court on Level 2 of Terminal 1 the best place to get a reasonable priced meal before the flight.

We looked for seats at waiting area on Level 5 of the Airport. I kept an eye on our luggage while my wife taking her turn to perform Isha Prayer at Anjung Tinjau located on the same floor (5 Floor). Then it was my turn.

11.30 pm Flight Check-in at KLIA. The counter located at Row J for Shanghai Airlines checking-in.

Checking-in was very fast since they opened 4 counters at Row J. Once checked-in we walked to the departure hall and Immigration Counters.

There was no hurry since the flight departure time at past midnight.

What happen next? Follow us on our journey to Shanghai. To be continued in the next post, please click Shanghai Airport


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